CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
Newspapers provide up-to-date
information on local, state/provincial, national, and world issues. They are
among the most widely-read periodicals that are available and accessible to the
vast majority of people of all ages and walks of life in any community. Every
category of reader can find some important, current, and interesting
information in newspapers.
Today's newspapers use design elements that make
information easily accessible to the reader. For example, important stories
have large bold headlines, while graphics appear next to related stories while
and cartoons are placed in a strategic part of the newspaper such strategic
place include editorial page.
The history of the Nigerian press
dates back to 1859, when Rev. Henry Townsend released Iwe Iroyin fun Awon Ara
Egba ati Yoruba (The Newspaper for the Egbas and Yorubas) in Abeokuta. It was bilingual (published in both
English and Yoruba). This was followed in 1863 by The Anglo African, edited by
Robert Campbell. It carried both local and international news. With the
increase in political and social activities in Nigeria, came a bimonthly newspaper
used to aggregate public opinion on topical issues, the Lagos Times, which
emerged on November 10,
1880. The Lagos Observer hit the newsstands fifteen months later,
followed by The Eagle on March
31, 1887. Adolphus March started The Mirror at this time. Other
newspapers began to emerge afterwards: The Nigerian Chronicle in 1908, and The
Nigerian Pioneer, founded by Kukoyi Ajasa.
In 1926, the Nigerian Printing and
Publishing Company started the Nigerian Daily Times. The West African Pilot of
Dr. Nnamdi Azikwe was established in 1936. This brought an increase in national
consciousness. Chief Obafemi Awolowo started the Nigerian Tribune in 1946.Most
recently, the newspapers in circulation include: The Vanguard Newspaper, The
National Concord, The Punch, The Guardian, This Day, Comet Newspaper, Daily
Sketch, The Monitor, Alaroye, The Post Express, The Nigerian Herald, The
National Compass, etc.
However, cartoons are commonly used in
the newspapers of this era which has now formed part and parcel of newspapers
contents.
Cartoon
has no specific definition over the time, modern usage refers to a typically
non-realistic or semi-realistic drawing or painting intended for satire,
caricature, or humor of any important issue. An artist who creates cartoons is
called a cartoonist. The term originated in the Middle Ages and first described
as a preparatory drawing for a piece of art, such as a painting, fresco,
tapestry, or stained glass window. In the 19th century, it came to refer to
humorous illustrations in magazines and newspapers, and in the early 20th
century and onward, it referred to comic strips and animated films.
A cartoon (from the Italian
"cartone" and Dutch word "karton", meaning strong, heavy
paper or pasteboard) is a full-size drawing made on sturdy paper as a study or
modello for a painting, stained glass or tapestry. Cartoons were typically used
in the production of frescoes, to accurately link the component parts of the
composition when painted on damp plaster over a series of days (giornate). Such
cartoons often have pinpricks along the outlines of the design; a bag of soot
was then patted or "pounced" over the cartoon, held against the wall
to leave black dots on the plaster ("pouncing"). Cartoons by
painters, such as the Raphael Cartoons in London
and examples by Leonardo da Vinci, are highly prized in their own right.
Tapestry cartoons, usually coloured, were followed by eye by the weavers on the
loom.
In modern print media, a cartoon is a
piece of art, usually humorous in intent. This usage dates from 1843 when Punch
magazine applied the term to satirical drawings in its pages, [3] particularly
sketches by John Leech. The first of these parodied the preparatory cartoons
for grand historical frescoes in the then-new Palace of Westminster.
For the purpose of this study, effort
shall be made on the Role of Graphical Cartoons in Newspaper Publication with a
reference to the Punch Newspaper, Lagos.
How does the Punch newspaper creatively use cartoons in their publication?
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