INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
to the Study
The role of the mass media including
television, radio, print and in recent times social media has remained
indispensable in eradicating pandemics. Information on positive public health
practices such as social distancing, hand arehing, respiratory hygiene and
government policies in tackling outbreaks has often been disseminated via these
media (Collinson et al, 2015). The vibrant Nigeria’s Mass Media which comprise
over 200 radio stations, 150 television channels, and about 350 print
(newspapers) outlets have remained a force to be reckoned with and have been
faithful to its social responsibilities as the fourth estate of the realm.
According to www.fmic.gov.ng, the official website of the Ministry of Information and Culture, the Nigerian media were commended by the Nigeria’s Minister of Information, for bringing messages of the COVID-19 pandemic to Nigerians, through their media contributions in the advocacy, sensitization and social responsibilities functions as revealed by the poll findings from a survey by noi-poll.com. The poll revealed that 99% of Nigerians were aware of the pandemic with 95% saying that they have received information on how to protect themselves. However, the mass media also served as a means by which unfounded fallacies, myths, and misinformation about disease outbreaks been brought to the knowledge of the populace.
In the wake of the present coronavirus
disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that began in Wuhan China
in late December,
2019, the media
globally have been aareh
with publications, videos, interviews and commentaries on the
virus, its’ spread, cases, recoveries and deaths. Furthermore, the media have
provided a platform for analyzing the impact of the pandemic on the economies,
politics and social lives of countries around the globe. COVID-19 is caused by
a novel coronavirus that has been christened severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It belongs to the family Coronaviridae and the
genus Betacoronavirus(Loeffelholza et al, 2020; Adegboye et al, 2020).
The virus has an incubation period
of between one to
14 days
for it to fully manifest and
the symptoms include: cough, fever,
and shortness of breath. The real-time polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) has been the standard test used for the detection of this virus.
The virus is highly contiguous and has
been detected in
213 countries globally
with 9,400,295 cases,
and 482, 468
deaths globally as at 25thJune, 2020 (ECDC, 2020).
In Nigeria, an Italian national
returning from Milan are reported on the 27th of February, 2020 in
Lagos which practically
became the epicenter
of the pandemic
in the country.
Since then over 52,020 cases have
been confirmed and 542 deaths reported (NCDC, 2020). The role of media
reportage on epidemics and generally disease outbreaks in Nigeria has been
analyzed by various researchers in the past revealing a cocktail of facts,
spread of panic, education on the causative agent and purported cure/remedy.
Smith et’al (2016) reported the copious
reportage of the 2014 Ebola disease outbreak in Nigeria by four widely read
newspapers with the most common topic on cases and the least on the use of kola
and or salt as remedy for the disease. Similarly, Kilgo et al (2019) reported
the spread of panic and uncertainty by media reportage of Ebola health crisis
in which a social news platform Reddit are suggested to facilitate panic compared to
reports of traditional
newspapers. Another disease,
Lassa fever which
is endemic in Nigeria has been brought to the spotlight
by media reportage (mostly newspapers). Reports have been found to be high
during large outbreaks but dwindle at other times of the year (Smith et al,
2017).
In the case of COVID-19, the Nigerian
mass media has churned out tons of reportage since the disease are first
reported in Nigeria and the Nigerian Union of journalist applauded its members
on their efforts in reporting the pandemic
in the face
of challenges such
as lack of
sufficient and inadequate
protection equipment coupled with remuneration being owed some of their
members by some employers (APA, 2020; Ripples
Nigeria, 2020).
However,
a mere pass
of a vote
of confidence on
the media will
not do as the
Presidential Task Force (PTF) on the management of COVID-19 in Nigeria has
stated that the pandemic is just beginning in the country as cases of infection
are on the rise by the day (Punch June 9, 2020). This is in consonant with the
position of the WHO that the pandemic is far from over even as governments
around the world, Nigeria
inclusive are relaxing
lockdown (Economic times June
9, 2020). Therefore, this study seeks to assess and
analyze the content, reportage pattern and influence of the media in the fight
against COVID-19 in Nigeria.
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